The Effect of Osmosis on Potato Tissue When Placed In Different Essay

The Effect of Osmosis on Potato Tissue When Placed In Different Concentrations of Sugar Solutions - Essay Example This is as opposed to the potato cut in the principal measuring glass in which just 1 teaspoon of sugar was disintegrated and which has contracted the least. This pilot test will presently be directed in a considerably more exact manner and the examination will manage sugar in moles per liter of arrangement and the weight contrast of the potato cuts will be resolved so as to correspond the sugar arrangement molarity with the adjustment in weight of the potato cut. Speculation Place potato tissues of similar measurements and weight and taken from a similar potato in sugar arrangements of various molarities (a proportion of fixation for example the quantity of moles of sugar present in 1 liter of arrangement), all at a similar temperature and weight, at that point assimilation happens and there will be a distinction in the loads of potato cuts in the various examples. Materials expected to direct the analysis a sharp blade, a gauging balance, 4 recepticles, 4 potato cuts, sugar arrangements of various centralizations of sugar-0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M and water with no sugar broke up in it. (around 68F/20C) and pressure.

Leadership Approach Paper Essay

Authoritative conduct becomes an integral factor to help the executives in improving their comprehension of human conduct inside associations to all the more likely impart, designate assets, delegate errands, plan, compose, direct, and control work exercises. The principle reason for understanding authoritative conduct is to expand administration viability, propel laborers, and move them to move in the direction of a typical goal. In spite of the fact that there are numerous authority draws near, we will concentrate on the situational administration approach. We will break down the reason, qualities and shortcomings of the situational authority approach, and give a case of how it very well may be applied to genuine circumstances. Situational Leadership Approach As it name recommends, the situational initiative methodology expresses that pioneers should utilize various methodologies as circumstances change. To put it plainly, pioneers ought to be adaptable, hold onto change as it comes, and be fit for adjusting to it. The situational authority approach is a model that was created by Kenneth Blanchard and Paul Hersey in 1972. The hypothesis expresses that pioneers should coordinate their authority style to the development of adherents and to the particular undertakings close by (Lerstrom, 2008). As individuals inside associations obtain more understanding and become progressively proficient about their activity, pioneers should adjust new administration styles to keep these individuals roused. As indicated by May (2013) the center idea of the situational authority approach is that â€Å"one size doesn't fit all†. The best heads are the individuals who have a dream, however â€Å"the best pioneers are the ones who can adjust their administration styles over an expansive scope of fluctuating development levels promptly present inside the normal association (May, 2013). † Moreover, utilizing the situational authority approach proposes that pioneers utilize a blend of other initiative ways to deal with be powerful. As per Phatak (2012), â€Å"The theory of a pioneer should be adaptable enough to adjust to circumstances and evolving times. We need a blend of value-based and transformational administration procedures to take care of business. The fundamental thought behind this hypothesis is that one must adjust technique with evolving conditions. † Strengths As referenced before, situational administration takes into consideration greater adaptability. As the world advances, associations need to make changes in accordance with endure. Tomasco (2013) states that with the situational authority approach, pioneers get the chance to adjust their administration style to their followers’ needs. Therefore, as pioneers adequately coordinate their administration style to circumstances and followers’ needs, work exercises will run easily, cooperations will be progressively fruitful, connections will be developed, and adherents will accomplish ideal execution. Shortcomings Although the situational authority approach seems, by all accounts, to be the best strategy because of its adaptability, it has shortcomings that one can't disregard. Phatak (2012) clarifies that continually changing techniques with time, a pioneer will think that its hard to actualize new methodologies in a hurry. A drawn out vision may evade him because of steady changes. † Further, Wile (2013) recognizes four shortcomings of the situational initiative methodology which are disarray, authority or the board, outside components, and recognition. Without a doubt, supporters may get befuddled as pioneers change a recently executed initiative procedure because of evolving conditions. The situational administration approach is regularly misinterpreted with an administration technique to lead representatives to accomplish better results. One can't minimize the effect outer components have on associations and hierarchical conduct. Pioneers ought to show their capacity to comprehend the organization’s outer condition and to survey followers’ conduct to execute an initiative methodology that will work. At long last, individuals inside associations have various recognitions and respond contrastingly in comparable circumstances. Subsequently, the situational authority approach may not give exact expectations of followers’ conduct. Situational Leadership Approach in Real Life Alan Lerstrom from Luther College did a contextual investigation utilizing the situational administration approach in which he exhibited how scholarly consultants can change their authority style dependent on students’ development as they advance higher in their examinations. Lerstrom applied the Hersey and Blanchard’s model of situational authority for the situation study. The model recommends that compelling pioneers will modify their administration styles as per changing circumstances and followers’ development. As indicated by Lerstrom (2008), Jay, the understudy for the situation study started giving indications of development as he better comprehended the significant he needed to seek after and classes he expected to try out. Likewise, Jay turned out to be progressively certain about his capacities, comprehended the prerequisites related with his major, and was all the more ready to speak with the counsel. â€Å"Situational administration give hypothetical and down to earth devices that help consultants in understanding changes in the status levels of their understudies, and it recommends designs for identifying with understudies (Lerstrom, 2008, p. 7). † Conclusion Situational authority is the methodology that expresses that pioneers must be adaptable enough to adjust their administration styles to evolving circumstances, to explicit assignments, and to authoritative conduct. This investigation demonstrated that despite the fact that the situational authority approach yields positive results it has shortcomings. Along these lines, it is essential to use the qualities of the way to deal with reduce its shortcomings. For expanded viability, pioneers should utilize hierarchical conduct examine strategies to all the more likely comprehend the current circumstances, their followers’ observations, and the organization’s interior and outside conditions. This strategy will give direction in applying the suitable authority style. References Lerstrom, A. C. Exhorting Jay: A Case Study Using a Situational Leadership Approach. NACADA Journal; Fall2008, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p21-27, 7p May, R. (2013). Rudiments of the Situational Leadership Model. Recovered from http://www. businessdictionary. com/article/724/nuts and bolts of-the-situational-leade rship-model/Phatak, O. (June 20, 2012). Advantages and disadvantages of Leadership Theories.

Types of Mathematics and Engineering

Sorts of Mathematics and Engineering Designing: Designing is the word that doesn't have legitimate definition. Each individual thinks with various perspective so make diverse definition yet most normally utilized meaning of building is, this is the useful use of science to trade or industry. As we realize that crafted by researcher is to know, the specialist to do for example the designer carries the information from science to tackle the issues. Building additionally give record of costs, wellbeing, execution and constraints of the given assets. Arithmetic: Arithmetic is characterized as the investigation of amounts and relations with the assistance of numbers and images. In this way, science and designing work together as they are correct hand to one another in light of the fact that building utilizes numerical tasks in estimation of their ventures. Science is acclaimed in current industry. Along these lines, science is found in each segment of the activity showcase as in designing exploration, media communications, PC administrations and programming, vitality frameworks, PC makers, aviation and car, synthetics and pharmaceuticals, and government research facilities, among others. Various kinds of arithmetic Geometry Trigonometry Analytics I and II Direct Algebra Differential Equations Insights. 1) Geometry:Geometry ( geo = earth, metria = measure) is a piece of science manages the size, shape, relative situation of figures and furthermore incorporates settling of room. Geometry is probably the most established science we use till now. FIG; Representation of various shapes 2) Trigonometry: Algebra is the part of science worry with the investigation of rules of tasks and the things developed from them, including terms, polynomials, conditions and arithmetical structures. It works with the geometry, examination, topology, combinatory, and number hypothesis, variable based math is the one of the most significant piece of the science. Explanations dependent on these factors are fathomed by utilizing the guidelines of tasks that apply to numbers, eg: increase, deduction, expansion, and so forth. FIG: A polynomial condition 3) Calculus: Calculus (It is a Latin word, analytics, a little stone utilized for tallying) is a branch in science takes a shot at limits, capacities, subsidiaries, integrals and unbounded arrangement. This piece of science manages a significant piece of current arithmetic instruction. It is separated into two significant branches, differential analytics and fundamental math. It is the investigation of progress happens on the cutoff points, same as that of geometry which is the investigation of shapes and polynomial math is the investigation of progress, similarly that geometry is the investigation of shape and variable based math is the investigation of tasks and their application to unraveling conditions. Analytics is a lot of utilized in science, financial aspects and designing and can comprehend utilizing math we cannot envision its answer without math. Differential Equations Essential Calculus 4) Linear Algebra: Linear variable based math is a part of arithmetic arrangements with the investigation of vectors, vector spaces (likewise called straight spaces), direct maps (additionally called straight changes), and frameworks of straight conditions. Vector spaces are the significant part in present day science; along these lines, straight variable based math is broadly utilized in both conceptual polynomial math and practical examination. 5) Differential Equations: A differential conditions are the numerical conditions for obscure elements of at least one factors that relate the estimations of the capacities without anyone else and its subordinates. Differential conditions assume a significant job in material science, designing, financial aspects and different subjects of science. Differential conditions are use in pretty much every territory of science and innovation. Newtons Laws likewise utilize differential conditions which permit one to relate the position, speed, increasing speed and different powers following up on the body and express this connection as a differential condition for the obscure situation of the body as a component of time. 6) Statistics: Statistics is the piece of arithmetic, as it is essentially the study of making great and effective utilization of numerical information identified with gatherings of individual numeric. It fundamentally manages not just the assortments, investigation and understandings of the gathered information, yet additionally the arranging of the assortment of information. Various kinds of building are: Software engineering designing. Compound designing. Structural building. Mechanical building. Electrical building. Aviation design. Electrochemical building. Atomic building. Marine building. Design building. Ecological designing. Let us examine them independently: 1) Computer science building: All PC programs do some type of considering a little piece of an undertaking. Checking a hundred things doesn't take quite a while, even without a PC however a few PCs may need to tally a billion things or more. On the off chance that the tallying isn't done effectively, it might take days for a program to complete a report which may take few moments to check. For instance, when we need to discover winning lottery ticket quantities of all lottery tickets. There are different procedures, and instruments, and so on usually utilized in programming. Models include: Boolean Algebra Item Oriented Programming Information Structures (records, sets, lines, stacks, and so forth.) Calculations (arranging, looking, navigating, and so forth.) Social Theory Set Theory Type Theory The above models depend on scientific computations. 2) Chemical designing: Arithmetic is extremely helpful in planning different segments of mixes, as mixes are made of various synthetic substances so expansion of synthetic substances are appropriately estimated and the amount to be put are determined by various science structures, as follow: Geometry Trigonometry Math I and II Straight Algebra Differential Equations Measurements. 3) Civil Engineering: Structural designing likewise can't move without arithmetic as this building additionally incorporates different kinds of counts for a work to be going on. For instance: We should compute how much quality a straight bar will bear (like a scaffold) before breakage. What amount of weight can a link of c measure of strands dismantle before it pulls? The branch science utilized in this building is: Geometry Differential Equations Social Theory Insights. 4) Mechanical building: The principle work of mechanical industry is fabricate modern apparatus, customer items, and so forth. They may make portrays and unpleasant designs, record and dissect information, make computations and assessments and all the above things need arithmetic. This building likewise incorporates subjects as thermodynamics, heat move, liquid mechanics, machine plan and mechanics of materials, producing, framework elements, numerical demonstrating, vibrations, turbo apparatus, ignition, warming, ventilating, and cooling which additionally needs material science which depends on math. The various types of science which mechanical building need are as per the following: Math 1, 2, and 3 Straight Algebra Differential Equations. 5) Electrical designing: Arithmetic is likewise extremely accommodating in electrical designing. As planning of circuits comprise of numerous counts on the off chance that we need proficient circuit to be set. Science is useful as follows: a) Modeling and investigation of electric circuits utilizing numerical differential conditions of first, second and higher requests. b) The plan of framework, for example, channels utilizing Laplace and Z changes. c) Electrical applications for movement utilizing extraordinary conditions. Along these lines, this building follows following parts of arithmetic: Number juggling Polynomial math Geometry Analytics Differential conditions Complex investigation Likelihood and insights. For instance: 5 check wires can convey a measure of current, with lost b over c separation. What amount of wire of that size would we be able to need to lay before we lose an excess of current for explicit circuit? 6) Aerospace building: The aviation design is for assembling and upkeep of airplane and space vehicles. This building utilizes PC and correspondence frameworks. Thus, this building incorporates all the parts of math which are remembered for PC designing and mechanical building. They are: Analytics 1,2,3 Direct Algebra Differential Equations. 7) Electrochemical Engineering: The electrochemical building is the designing which is the blend of both electrical just as substance building. In this way, this building likewise needs different activities and estimations for creation of different parts utilized in various items. 8) Nuclear designing: The atomic business comprise of different assignments, for example, creation, taking care of, and utilization of atomic fuel and the protected removal of waste delivered by the age of atomic vitality To be an atomic designer an individual need to have appropriate information on material science, PC, science and arithmetic in this way, in short an individual ought to have legitimate information on all fields of science including math. 9) Marine Engineering: As we realize that this designing is identified with Ships cruising in the seas and oceans. Boats needs to discover their way in the water by estimating the headings as there are no achievements in water as ashore. To discover the course bunches of estimations must be done which need arithmetic. The area of the boat is discovering by utilization of arithmetic with mix of material science. 10) Architectural Engineering: Compositional Engineering is a sort pf designing which is utilized to develop, plan and plan of structures and different structures. In this way, these work cannot be finished without utilizing estimations and counts use science. Assume if an architect needs to configuration connect it ahs to do different figurings, we do have equation for ascertaining quality of extension S=C(1-e^-kt) Where S=strength of extension C=Constant k=Constant t=time 11) Environmental Engineering: This designing is identified with the creating strategies and gadgets utilized in controlling, forestalling the natural disas

How can we combine Homeric texts and archeology to learn more about Essay

How might we join Homeric writings and prehistoric studies to get familiar with world class conduct in Greek Society What are the challenges - Essay Example What they help archaeologies in accomplishing are the signs of the things they have to consider. They give a guide on what to investigate and the course to take in the investigation of these antiquated remains. Among the hints that have been given before are the examination and the examination of the old Greek world in the custom of Schieman burrowing at Troy with the hand of Iliad. To upgrade the comprehension of the past human exercises, archeologists regularly use old style messages related to prehistoric studies to comprehend past method of the Greek world. The investigation of the past is likewise instrumental as it helps classicist in understanding the contemporary lifestyle corresponding to the birthplace of human exercises. This paper centers around how traditional content related to prehistoric studies helps in the comprehension of the old and the world class conduct of the Greek society just as the plausible issues that are probably going to be looked in the investigation o f over a significant time span human exercises. ... He needed that that whole he does to come out to be excellent (Kardaras 2011). The story bolts this idea by clarifying how Walt was biting the dust for greatness. He constantly needed the best items and consistently did amazing occupations. Through the account, it is likewise excellent to discover that Walt’s insanity and fixation on aretes, greatness drives him into the creation of the most perfect meth (Ross, and Hook, 2006). During the snapshots of war, archeologists through the content and content investigation finds that during the snapshot of significance and war, Homeric legends showed the quality and the might of aretes during the war. Looking for acknowledgment and respect, Walt took as much time as is needed in the meth lab to think of uncommon and the most refined weapons. The subsequent worth held by the Homeric that moves Walt is Kleos: that is, the inclination to individual magnificence and might. As it were, the Greeks needed to be known for something. For this situation the subject needed to be known for arete. All through the story, it is apparent that the significant thought process that drives one to work is the longing to accomplish something noteworthy. The Greek training and culture have been overwhelmed by the quest for greatness and the inclination to significance: individual magnificence. The Homer’s and Illiad are paeans and compatible of arete. These very inclinations wants despite everything command the contemporary Greek lifestyle. An honorable and apos aretes in Homer, is demonstrated by the keenness of his ability in war and the greatness of his weapon fabricating. In games, he is viewed as an individual who is quiet and commendable (Sissa, and Detienne 2000). Both of these events, war time and snapshots of harmony are all of tremendous incentive in show packaging the

Accounts Receivable and Bad Debts Expense

Accounts Receivable and Bad Debts Expense When you are running a business  or an  organization, managing  the accounts receivables  (A.R.)  is a day-to-day affair.  You know you have to keep things tight, but you don’t know how to go about it.What  if  clients do not pay on time? What if you have a delayed payment? How do you ensure that you have money to spend on marketing and strategizing, and yet have everything functioning just as it should? You don’t want to fire employees, do you?The one thing that can help you take care of it is ensuring that accounts receivables happen as they should.So, what is  it?A.R.  is the balance that  your  customers owe your  firm  for goods or services  bought  but  is  yet to  be paid. For any sales, an  organization  needs to  send  out invoices to the customers  for  payment. However, there are challenges that  organizations  have to deal  with  when it comes to  pending amounts.A  firm also extends the line of credit  for its customers, with terms that  have  due payment  dates, set with  a  consensus  and can range from weeks to a fiscal or calendar year.  And since the customers are legally obliged to pay the debts,  organizations  consider these receivables as assets.Current assets involve those  amounts receivable  that is  due in less than a year.  In such cases, the firm accepts an IOU (I Owe You) from the customers.HOW DO BUSINESSES WORK WITH ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES?What could be the first thing in your mind when you start a business?  Probably expansion?    Or getting new clients with the  right sales pitch  strategy?And for that,  you’ll need customers and sales.  To facilitate hassle-free payments and transactions, most of the  organizations  allow a portion of their sales to go on credit, particularly for customers who are regular.Some companies allow their customers to pay after the delivery of goods or services.  When  a  customer orders a good,  the company waits for the payment and meanwhile, considers these pending invoices as accounts receivabl e.WHAT IS THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES?As many as  93% of businesses  receive late payments, and you would need to  be prepared  for it.Accounts Receivables are considered to be an essential part of a business. Since most of the receivables are current assets, an  organization  or a firm  deems them as short-term debts.Analysts assess accounts receivables based on the firm’s frequency of collecting the balance in an accounting  period  and also  analyze  the sales outstanding for the receivable balance over a stipulated period.  If you do it properly, you keep  customer perceptions  about your brand in check too.DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RECEIVABLES AND ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLESYou may have to write off bad debts sooner than you know it. Statistics suggest that on average, companies write off around  4% of their accounts receivable  as bad  debt,  and that can add up quickly if you aren’t careful.Before we dig in deeper, here is a small difference between two types of receivable s in a company.  Though both  might  sound quite similar, you’ll see  a difference when you sit to review your financial documents.Receivables are the  financial  debts that  others owe to your  company  and  as a whole, pretty much cover  everything under  Trade  and  Non-Trade Receivables.Trade Receivablesâ€"  Trade Receivables are the credits that  your  customers owe  you  for all the goods and services purchased  from your company. These receivables  are recorded  in  your  company’s balance sheet as current assets.Non-Trade Receivables  â€" Non-Trade Receivables come from the transactions, apart from  your  normal line of business. These have reimbursements from insurance, advance receivables from  your  employees, receivables from insurance claims and tax returns.Do all receivables come under  A.R.?    No.  while  A.R.is  a  receivable, not  all kinds of receivables  are  accounts receivables.ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES VS. ACCOUNTS PAYABLESYou might  have a fair idea on the bas ics of accounts receivables,  so  here is a distinction between two types of accounts that your company will  fundamentally  run on.While accounts receivables are the amounts pending from a client or  customer,  accounts payables are debts that your  company owes to the suppliers or vendors. You can consider this as an accounting entry in the firm’s book of debts. These are just the opposite of the receivables and reflect as Current Liabilities on the balance sheet.ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLES AFFECT ON BUSINESS CASH FLOWFor your  company to survive in the market, a proper and on-going business cash flow is important.  What if  your company runs out of cash for any reason?  In such a case,  there is no way you can  withstand the poor financial health for a long time.In  brief, cash flow is the inflow and outflow of money in the  business  and helps in meeting order requirements, payroll within the company and  running  other operational activities.The operational expenses and inflow, espe cially the  receivables and payables,  are  major factors that  calculate  the cash flow of your  company.Cash Flow = Operational Cash Flow + Financial Cash Flow + Investment Cash Flow  Accounts receivables hold a significant  part in the  operating  cash flow  of your company. Any  amount involved in unpaid invoices isn’t  considered physical cash flow, because you don’t have the cash in hand.How do You Ensure You Manage Accounts Receivables Properly?Did you know that if you have bills overdue for over 90 days, they could be worth as little as  20% of their initial value? You wouldn’t want that, would you?  Few tips on how to manage your accounts receivables:1. Manage Your Accounts Receivables Closely  â€" Unless you track your receivables, you might not have a clear picture of your available cash. The receivables cannot even be considered as a part of your business cash flow because you haven’t received the money yet.Therefore, it’s important to chase the pending money t o make sure that the payments are received  positively  and to avoid a setback in the actual cash flow you require for your business.2. Sync Your Receivables With Your Payables  â€" Both accounts receivables and payables are  inter-related in a way. While you have money  pending from the customers,  you  also  have pending payments that you owe to your suppliers  or vendors. These payables  include bills, payrolls, operational expenses,  and  business payments, that you need to pay within a time-frame.If your customers aren’t diligent about paying on time, your payables will be affected as a result. Also, your receivables might have a window of more than a month, but certain payables cannot wait that long.Therefore, you need to be careful of the  accounts  receivable turnover ratio  at all times, else you might find yourself in a tough spot in running your business smoothly.In such cases,  it’s a good idea  to slightly narrow  down  the time-frame of receiving  payments from you r clients and  customers.3. Keeping an Eye on the Outstanding Accounts Receivables  â€" For  the growth of a company, it’s a mandate to stay updated as well as upgraded; and both  require  money. If the inflow is not much compared to your outflow, you will skip either of the two to maintain liquidity in the business.By keeping an eye on your receivables, and having proper methods of chasing it, you’ll save yourself from going beneath the benchmark.In case of situations where you aren’t able to wait longer for the  receivables  but have already provided the customer with a time-frame that hasn’t arrived yet, you can also  count  on  Invoice Factoring. This  is a financing tool that allows short-term capital for a business to run,  in exchange for the invoices.You’ll receive 80% of the invoice value right away and rest 20%, once when the payment is complete. However,  you get charged  a fee for the same,  and it’s available only for business to business  or business to gov ernment  invoicing.4. An Accounts Receivables Process  â€" A docile  plan for debt collection might not always work. An assertive approach instead, will  help you improve the cash flow. If  you can manage the accounts receivable process, you’ll be able  to  get your money on time systematically. A receivables process will have plans on how you can strategically  make sure your receivables aren’t long overdue. Below are few terms you can include to handle such situations effectively.Clear out payment  terms with your clients/customers and keep it as transparent as possible.Always use your brand logo to stand out among multiple invoices that the clients/customers receive  every  day.Everything you write down has to be  crystal clear and comprehensible to the clients/customers.Being on time and sending out invoices in a particular date or within  the dates will let the clients and  customers remember you.Any  late payment needs to  be charged. That way the clients/customers will av oid unpunctuality and make payments timely.Have a team to call the clients/customers to remind  them  of their outstanding bills.5. Revisit Your Policies  â€" If you feel that your business isn’t facing issues as of now and you have enough cash flow to meet requirements, run the operations and even upgrade, you are good with receivables. However, there  is always room for improvement.  You  can always revisit your policies to  make the most of them.To reduce the receivable pressure, you can cut down on your payment timelines. Invest in training your professionals in the accounts receivable team, so that they well versed with the company requirements and processes. Figure out a plan that can help your professionals  systematically chase the dues on time.6. Clear and Short Approval Process â€" There is no harm in extending your credit, but while doing so, you need to make sure that the process is clear and needs to include instructions on how and when to cancel credit limits and pla ce the defaulter’s account on hold.Giving in to credits is quite a natural thing when you want to grow your business and improve sales. However, some pitfalls  lead  to  the  severe  financial health of your company.7. Bill Electronically  â€" Billing your customers  online  will help avoid too many  hard  copies. Paper checks might sound better, but there is more accuracy in electronically generated bills and  invoices. Plus,  it  allows you a hassle-free process.HIGH ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE TURNOVERNow that we  have  talked  about  ways of managing your accounts receivables, we also need to emphasize a healthy financial statement of your company.How do you  accomplish  that?    If you’re looking to have a  healthy financial statement, your  company needs to  be able to make debt collections efficiently. The accounts receivable turnover of a company explains the collection of average accounts receivables in a year. If the turnover ratio is lower than expected, it shows either low c ustomer quality or  an  unproductive collection department.As long as your  company  can  collect credit on time, the business is safe;  else  it’s  high time  you  looked  into the problems seriously.WHAT IS BAD DEBT EXPENSE?What happens when your accounts receivables cannot  be collected  anymore?  That’s when you know you have a Bad Debt.  Bad debts are a loss that your  company endures when the extended credit becomes worthless due to the customers’ inability to pay.After 90 days overdue, these bad debts are considered uncollectible,  and  this will further increase the  expense in profit and loss statement.Based on the past experiences, some companies that allow credit  sales, estimate the certain percentage of their sales to turn into bad debts; which  you can record  as provision for credit losses.THE TOP BAD DEBT SCENARIOS YOU WANT TO AVOIDImagine you have a company that sells out bicycle parts and you have  regular customers who make frequent purchases.  Keeping that in mind, you allowed an extended credit  to  few of the  customers  on request and  had  agreed to  receive  the payment after two  months.However,  if  these  customers  are  not getting back  on time  and are  also not responding to calls or emails even after two  months, they can be considered as low-quality customers.You might want to keep this under accounts receivable until you feel you can expect money; but if the customers haven’t shown positive signs of  paying  the pending amount,  you  can consider them  as  bad debts  and  also  write it  off after 90 days.There are two methods for recording the amount of Bad Debts Expense:1. Direct Write-Off Method  â€"  In this  method,  the uncollected account is identified and then removed  from accounts receivables. This method results in  debt  to the bad debt expense and a credit to the receivables for the amount  written-off  and  you need it while filing  your  U.S. income taxes.2. Allowance Method â€" In this method, a compan y foresees the accounts receivables that will not  be collected.  It  is said  that this method is more helpful comparatively, since the balance sheet will have a more realistic amount to be collected from  the accounts  receivables, and also,  these bad debts expense will be reported closer to the time of credit sales  on the firm’s statement.When both balances  are registered  in the balance sheet, the loan receivable account will  be reduced. Firms use statistical calculations to estimate the bad debts expense and determine the probable losses, based on the historical data. Also, a bad debts expense can be assessed  using the percentage of the net sales based on previous experiences.HOW BAD DEBT EXPENSE AFFECTS YOUR BUSINESS?Whether you want to extend the time of payment for the customer or want to write it off directly depends on your  decision, but before that,  you need to be mindful of the payment terms  and conditions. Once your payment terms  are set,  communicate  to  th e customers and  then follow  up diligently.  Failing to adhere to these terms will affect both the  customers as well as the business.Why write-off an  outstanding invoice?    Writing  off an outstanding invoice will give you a precise scenario  of  the financial health of your company.  This  will avoid unnecessary overstatement of your revenue, assets,  and  earnings from those  assets by the end of the year.How can you ensure better  bookkeeping?  For  better  bookkeeping,  you need an accounting method for your company to follow.  It’s easy to  get confused  as to  which accounting method to own. Nevertheless, it is one of the vital decisions you need to make  as  you’ll be sticking  to it  for a long time.ACCRUAL VS. CASH ACCOUNTINGThere are two options you have for accounting method:  Cash  basis accounting  and  Accrual accounting. In the former, the sales and purchase  are  recorded as soon as you receive money from the customer or pay a bill.In accrual accounting, a sa le  is recorded  the moment you provide goods or services,  and  an  expense  is counted  when you purchase the same from the vendor, irrespective of the payment being  received/paid  or not.1. Cash Basis Accounting  â€"  Small businesses generally go for this, where  the purchase and sales  are recorded  as and when cash is received or paid.For example, if you are supplying notebooks to an office, you will not record the sale until you receive payment for the sale made.  Once you have received the payment, you can include this in the book.Similarly, the papers and covers you purchase for the notebook manufacturing cannot be recorded in the book as a purchase, unless you make payments for the same.  Once the payment  is  made, you can include this under purchase.2. Accrual Accounting â€" This method allows you to record the sales and purchases as and when the delivery  is done,  or  services  are fulfilled.For example, if you are supplying 100 notebooks to  an office, you will make an invoice to bill the customer.  You can record it  in the book immediately, irrespective of you receiving the payment or not.Similarly, when you purchase the raw  materials,  you  need to record the purchase immediately after receiving them from the vendor, even if the payment  isn’t  yet done.Accrual accounting can be a little challenging  for you, considering the cash ambiguity within the anticipated  period, especially when a customer owes you money.  You  may or may  not receive the payment  due from the customers, and might end up facing a bad debt.  However, if it becomes difficult to track, you can even consult bookkeeping professionals available, either online or personally.IMPACT OF THE BAD DEBT EXPENSE ON YOUR FINANCIAL STATEMENTSLike we mentioned before, writing  off an outstanding invoice as bad debt is ideal because it will help avoid overstating your revenue and reflects actual collectible amount from the clients and  customers.  But  in any case, bad debt is  alwa ys a loss for your  business and is best avoided with practical methodologies.Here is how bad debts affect a company’s balance sheet and profit and loss statements.How Bad Debt Affects the Financial Statements:Account AffectedImpact on AccountFinancial StatementBad Debt ExpenseIncreaseProfit and LossAccounts ReceivableDecreaseBalance SheetHOW TO KNOW YOUR CUSTOMERS?When you are new in a business, it might not always seem possible to be able to judge your customers. To increase sales and  clients, you might as well go ahead  of your credit limit,  and  time  of payment  you set  for them.However, there are few basic attributes that you can easily pick to understand if it’s time to write-off invoices of those customers or  waits  for a while.You’ve waited long enough,  but  the customer is not contacting you regarding the dues. The only reason behind such response is an intention on not paying.You are trying to make contacts,  but  the customer won’t answer your calls. When cu stomers start ignoring your calls, it indicates that they are not ready to make payments.Even after extended credit, if a customer is not communicating with you, it’s time you understood they are likely to be bad debts.If you have gone  through this already, you may  want to revisit your collection process and make changes.  You might find  loopholes  somewhere  in the current  process  if it’s not working well for your business.To add value to your process, you can also include discounts  to early customers, encouraging  timely payments  and late charges on the defaulters  to avoid delay on the same. One way of chasing your money is by following up rigorously. You can either set a team to do the needful or send out reminders religiously.TAKING BAD DEBTS OFF YOUR BUSINESS TAX RETURNLoans to  customers  and  sales on credit are a part of  the  business. If an investment doesn’t do well, you cannot consider that a bad debt altogether. The IRS allows you a deduction in case of bu siness bad debt that  has  become partially or fully valueless.However, you’ll be required  to run your business on accrual accounting method for deductions on bad debts. Below are few steps on writing off bad debts by the  year-end.Sum up your Bad Debts  â€" Make a list of all the defaulters by the end of the year and check if you have attempted collection from them or not.Accounts Receivable Aging Report  â€" This report will include all the money you are yet to receive from the customers and how long it  has  been outstanding.Add Bad Debts on Business Tax Return  â€"  You can deduct all your bad debts if you  can  file your taxes (business) on Schedule C.(However,  when it comes to  cash basis  accounting,  you cannot register  bad debts  expense deduction  until you  are paid  for your goods or services.  You may have a receivable, but you must collect the receivable  to  record the income. No income  recorded,  no bad debt.)If you have already reported unpaid invoices on a pr evious year’s return as income, you may claim  the  bad debts as a business expense on Line 8590 of Form T2125. Each year, the IRS allows a deduction for bad debts you suffered.Since bad debts are uncollectible, you’ll never receive your money. Therefore, the government helps you by deducting that amount on your taxes. However, there are terms and conditions before you can claim for the deduction.

Emergent Technology Drones - Unmanned Aerial Vehicles - 3850 Words

Emergent Technology: Drones - Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Term Paper Sample) Content: Emergent Technology: DRONESOctober 29, 2016AbstractUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), or as they are commonly known, drones have been developed since early 19th century. The human race has always desired to take aerial pictures, send messages using aerial vehicles and participate in war operating weapons remotely. The quest led to a succession of advancement of drones to the current sophisticated UAVs. Modern UAVs have great ability and are simple and small enough to be used for recreation and delivery. Others are so advanced that they can collect intelligence around the world and remain invisible to the radar system. War UAVs can carry and drop bombs on targets with high accuracy. These abilities have caused many social, economic, political and cultural implications like the act of killing by remotely operating a bomber, privacy invasion, safety measures for recreation purposes, noise pollution, wildlife disturbance and environmental hazards associated with their manufa cturing.IntroductionThe recent rapid rise of drones also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or the Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) has brought about fascination, excitement, and concern from all sectors on all sides. Earlier on, drones were used solely for military purposes having very few dedicated hobbyists; drones have now exploded onto the public realization with spectacular images of mountain views, stunning crashes, and acrobatic product deliveries. By 2020, the drone industry is estimated to reach about $11.5 billion yearly. All but unheard of just half a decade ago, drones are here to stay (Floreano Wood, 2015). This research study about drones will explore the impact drone technology will bring in regards to work, life, education, governing and social relationships. The essay is about an emerging technology of UAVs that are being found useful in various areas like warfare, recreation, and photography, and their implications like in privacy, pollution, and morali ty.Drones are a continually increasing becoming popular and interesting technology emerging in the contemporary world. As engineers keep on creating various sensory technologies into the advancement of drones, its unsettling effects will become ever more visible. Whether this new invention is used for social or commercial reasons, it most undoubtedly is headed in the direction of changing the society both socially and structurally.Maxwell, (2016)explain drones to be of two types. One is the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and the other is the unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) both offering the same service though the UAV is for commercial purposes while the UCAV is for military uses. Drones are a unique emerging technology meant to provide efficiency in existing systems by opening up entirely new markets and possibilities. The Drone technology is continually evolving with innovations being brought every few months to the market.A glance at the future world gives predictions the p otential of drones in regards to increasing revenue opportunities. UAVs are expected to deliver special door to door services, help in dissemination of urgent medical supplies as well as enhance precision farming I agriculture. Moreover, adoption of drones will improve how we view the world, enabling people to explore areas they would physically not be able to reach. Additionally, GIS services, as well as engineering survey, will be improved by this new technology.Drones are being applied in educational perspectives in regards to the technology behind it as well as its improvement. Numerous high learning institutions are adopting and developing the drone technology with engineers working round the clock to devise highly effective drones for both military and commercial use. Kuzma, Dobson, Robinson Williams (2016), have suggested ways in which businesses can capitalize on these new technologies particularly organizations majoring in the wildlife sector. Drones can be used for tracki ng wildlife thereby helping tourist guides with their activities.Additionally, social institutions are adopting this technology, which is meant to influence the institutions both at the macro and micro level. On a micro level, the effect of education geared around drones will modify the way engineers and programmers advance the technology. The drone programs are expected to change the education system through the creation of new courses and specialized degrees focused on the drone technology.Moreover, drones are expected to impact the economy by enhancing how people carry out their businesses. Future business, particularly in the agricultural sector, internet provision, and delivery services, will depend greatly on drones to stay ahead of the competition. With this technology inclination, it can be assumed that the drone technology industry will enlarge as it is still in the initial phases of its life cycle.Nevertheless, the use of drones in industrial, civil, agricultural, military and scientific areas raises some ethical concerns regarding safety, surveillance, and privacy. This research paper aims to explore and suggest propositions in regards to the ethical development of the drone technology. Moreover, the paper will identify the various significance of drone technology, the problems that are expected to arise from the use of the drone technology, the benefits that will be brought forward as well as its impact on significant sectors of the economy and projected future. This research study about drones will explore the impact drone technology will bring in regards to work-life, education, governing and social relationshipsHistorical TimelineTimeline of a droneDrones HistoryDrones have come a long way since early 19th century. The quest for wider visibility, photography, military superiority brought the drones into a whole new level of ability. Amazon is looking forward to launching delivery drones, as it does so; lets look at the history that that made the technology a reality in the 21st century. We will look at the early quest and development on aerial photography, spying and military actions that have got sophisticated gradually.Balloons made the first stages of attempts to collection information and even conduct strikes from the space. During the early 19th century, kites were flown from a sea, aboard ships to communicate to other ships in the sea. This idea was probably what informed innovators of the idea of unmanned aerial boats that can pass information. During this period, the kites passed information just because they were seen. The Australians who controlled most of Italy are believed to have used balloons for either information collection or bombing in 1849. However, we are sure that in 1862 balloons were used during the civil war. Few years before the use of balloons in 1855, a photographer Gaspar Felix Tournachon patented aerial photographs and took a balloon photograph in 1858 (Keane and Carr, 2013).The First World War then created a demand for weapons, intelligence and machines. One machine they needed most is something that could deliver a bomb to the target without fearing its loss. Journalist needed something that could take pictures in a war zone without endangering their lives. These gave rise to new innovated breed of drones. Reginald Denny who is a screen actor and model made what came to be known as the commencement of the new generation drones. In 1938 he made the nine foot R/C drone that was able to be controlled by radio. In 1940 he sold 15,000 pieces to the US military for practice. Unlike its predecessors the drone was able to change direction upon command, fly faster and less visible due to its shape (Keane and Carr, 2013).There is a remarkable difference between the first drones by Denny and the last ones. In 1943, the Germans became the first to put the new technology into use. They remotely dropped a bomb on a target with an R/C model drone remotely controlled. They called their R/C model of a drone the FX1400 or the Fritz X. The drone also developed in photography. We saw the rise of usage of drone during the Second World War. In 1944, a journalist called David Conover shot a video using a drone in a wartime assembly plant. This technology has developed lately to make spy drones (Keane and Carr, 2013).The MQ-1 Predator was the latest entry to the drone industry. The drone can stay aloft for over a day, fly kilometers with great accuracy. The predator was the birth of modern drones that are used in modern warfare and photography. The GPS systems have now enabled the drones to transverse the world ghostly and carrying thousands of pounds of bombs and destroy targets with unimaginable precision. Drones are also being used by consumers in local ceremony video shooting, management, and construction survey. Amazon is planning to start delivery of items using drones while authorities in many countries are seriously considering enacting laws to cover the use of d rones by consumers (Kakaes et al., 2015).The idea of drone technology started a very long time ago. It has continuously developed due to demand of the services and improvement of other technologies. The first item to be used as a drone many centuries ago was a balloon. It was used to send messages, warfare, and photography. It gave way to the R/C drones in the early 20th century. Those also were re-invented to the GPS sleek Predator drones that have killed thousands since the Second World War. We currently have very many types of drone from those used with normal people carrying heavy photography equipment to those military drones able to stay on air for hours delivering heavy bombs and invisibly collecting information.Impact AnalysisSocial Impacts of DronesDrones have a huge impact on various aspects of social life. They are creating a difference in social classes, putting pressure on the low socia...

The Crucible Quiz Check Your Knowledge

The School Of Public And Environmental Affairs - 1568 Words

Change is to make the form, nature, content, future course, etc. of something different from what it is or from what it would be left alone (notes). Change is a continuous occurrence throughout the growth of organizations and their success can be correlated with how adaptable the organization is to these changes. SPEA’s current organizational structure is not working effectively, so in order to remedy this problem, we must change the organizational structure within SPEA. I have created a plan that will solve the communication problems within SPEA while simultaneously enhancing the structure and culture of the organization. The School of Public and Environmental Affairs currently operates as a mechanistic, or bureaucratic, organization.†¦show more content†¦Patt will then approve the task and then Patt will inform student workers of their new duties. This means the flow of communication goes from the middle to the top level and then directly to the bottom level. The vertical communication that is evident in a mechanistic organizational structure is currently functioning in the form of an upside down checkmark. In addition to this disruption of the organizational structure, there is also the exclusion of the top level in its entirety. The advisors will disregard Patt and communicate their needs with the student workers directly, which in turn makes the organization operate on a disconnected basis. SPEA is attempting to run a centralized, formalized, and mechanistic organization; however, their actual organization is extremely informal. The first step to creating an organization that functions properly is to fix the structure of the organization itself. After analyzing the current formalized organizational structure within SPEA, I decided that it did not need to be changed; however, it needed to be adjusted in order to make it operational. SPEA should maintain their mechanistic structure with distinct levels of authority for the sake of the student workers, so that they are aware of who they are answering to. In order to make this structure more effective for the student workers, we need to further centralize the organization. For instance, we should

Observation Of A Child At The Children s House - 998 Words

This paper details my observation of a child at The Children’s house. When I called to schedule an observation time, I decided to go when the children would be outside engaging in activities of their choosing. When I arrived my plan was to observe first (without interfering), then once I had the notes that I needed to write about friendships and play, I intended to ask a child the questions that were provided in the rubric. Initially, most of the children were scattered around playing by themselves, in pairs or groups of 3. After observing for about 10 minutes without anything interesting happening, I was about to go to a child and start interviewing him or her. Then a little girl who I later found out to be named Alex gathered a group of about 5 other children to play â€Å"house†. Alex was taller than all of the other children, her hair was blonde and her eyes were blue. Based off the fact that she took the leadership role, was organizing a rule based game, and seemed to prefer being near other children rather than adults, I estimated that she was 5 or 6 years old. Now that I knew what game they were going to play I hypothesized that I would observe her ability to differentiate between genders and their roles in the game of house that the children were playing as well as assign roles to other children. I expected to see Alex cooperate with the other children and take their perspectives and feelings into account because according to the first social development lecture,Show MoreRelatedA Pleasurable And Educational Preschool Observation1271 Words   |  4 PagesEducational Preschool Observation: Option E I observed a 4 year old preschool class during playtime in Staten Island, New York. The class consisted of eight children, and one certified preschool teacher. There were 4 boys and 4 girls in the class. During my sixty minute observation I noticed several instances of dramatic play, peer relationships, relationships with adults, and self-control. Dramatic Play During my observation, I witnessed a group of two- one boy and one girl-playing house. According toRead MoreChildrens Relationship with Classmates: a Comprehensive Analysis of Friendship Nominations and Liking1732 Words   |  7 PagesChildren s Relationship with Classmates: A Comprehensive Analysis of Friendship Nominations and Liking Psychological Profile: Subject is young male 7 years old (my nephew), will be 8 years old January 1st, 2006. Height is approximately 4ft 1 inches and weight is roughly 58lbs. Olive toned skin complexion, brown short hair, and big brown eyes, with a devilish smile. The subject has a personality that constantly changes based on the people in his surroundings. More playful and rough withRead MorePiaget s Theory On Child Development920 Words   |  4 PagesChildren are not simply small adults who are still growing; they learn differently and experience the world in a variation of ways that opposes adult reasoning. Piaget’s theory on child development asserts that there are four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Piaget also suggested that human thinking is arranged into schemes, â€Å"organized mental patterns that represent behaviors and actions† (Feldman, 2015, p. 17). These schemesRead MoreEssay on Child And Parent Behavior Observation536 Words   |  3 PagesChild And Parent Behavior Observation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am almost always surrounded by the interactions between children and their parents. I hear it at my work, I hear it in restaurants, but most of all I hear it at my house. My mother owns a daycare and every night I hear parents being hit by a barrage of questions. When children are being picked up they always have a couple of questions for their parents. Children are always asking about the meal for the night or whether they can go over to a friendRead MoreMy First Observation Of The Middle Childhood1182 Words   |  5 Pagesbefore coming home with them. I observed Isabella in her house, she live there with her mom, dad, a fish and a dog. The observation was realized when I was visiting my friend’s house; I observed the girl in her environment for approximately two and half hours. My first observation was she spend time making craft from her own inspiration and enjoy to gifting them to her parents. She was very talkative, independent and active girl. Observation. Physical Development: Observing Isabella physically sheRead MoreMaria Montessori ( 1870-1952 )1081 Words   |  5 Pagesrecognised throughout the world to this day. 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She caught everyone s attention when most of her uneducable students passed the state test in reading and math, some scoring above average. Curious how such principles would work with the mainstream population of children, Montessori then opened her first school; Casa dei Bambini (Children s House) in 1907. MontessoriRead MoreChild Observation Paper1294 Words   |  6 PagesChild Observation Paper Jason Betts Pacific Oaks College November 12, 2012 The purpose of this paper is to discuss and review my observation of a 7 year old African American male who is being raised by his grandmother (45 year old Bi-racial female who has 9 children of her own; 7 of the children are still in the house). During my observation of â€Å"Jackson†, I focused on the following domains of child development: * Physical * Cognitive * Social * Emotional I applied Attachment

Holdens Depression and Self-Doubt in Salingers Catcher...

As Eugene McNamara stated in his essay â€Å"Holden Caulfield as Novelist†, Holden, of J.D. Salinger’s novel Catcher in the Rye, had met with long strand of betrayals since he left Pencey Prep. These disappointments led him through the adult world with increasing feelings of depression and self-doubt, leading, finally to his mental breakdown. Holden’s first betrayal was that of his memory and innocence by an egotistical peer. At Pencey Prep, he roomed with a student named Stradlater; the epitome of a teenage jock. Stradlater was openly very vain; as Holden stated as he watched Stradlater gaze at himself in the mirror, â€Å"he was madly in love with himself. He thought he was the handsomest guy in the Western Hemisphere† (27). Because of his†¦show more content†¦Now here was Stradlater who could not even remember her proper name! It was a great show of disrespect for Holden’s memory of this bubbly, kind girl; it was a betrayal of his innoce nt heart and childhood memories. Holden’s disappointingly cold experience with sex and prostitution after he leaves Stradlater and Pencey Prep is a betrayal of his childish dreams of greatness and celebrity. As he enters the elevator of a New York City hotel, the elevator boy asks him if he wants a good time. Holden agrees, as he is â€Å"starting to feel pretty sexy and all† (92), being his first official chance to live up to his dreams of sexiness and manliness. His mind even starts to wander to his grand fantasy of â€Å"Caulfield and His Magic Violin† (93) in which he is the most adored man in all the world. He never, however, lives up to any of these egotistical illusions. His disappointment comes knocking at the door in the form of a young girl named Sunny. The minute she undresses, Holden feels odd and uncomfortable. He â€Å"know[s] that you’re supposed to feel pretty sexy when somebody gets up and pulls their dress over their head† (95), b ut he just felt embarrassed for her. His ego and dreams come crashing down, as his night is not of good times and achievement, but of a too young girl who is as nervous as he. It was quite depressing for him to realize that the adult world was made up not of the movie-like dreams he had entertained for so long, but of timid, depressing reality.Show MoreRelatedCatcher In The Rye Character Analysis940 Words   |  4 PagesIn chapter ten of J.D. Salinger’s, Catcher in the Rye, there are three important concepts: loneliness, depression, and idealism. Holden evinces these concepts when he talks about his younger sister, goes to the Lavender room, and mentions Radio City Music Hall. Each of these concepts builds upon each other, especially the idea that Holden is lonely. Holden is alone once he arrives in New York after leaving Pencey Prep. Holden’s loneliness makes him think of his younger sister, Phoebe, who has a lotRead MoreThe Theory Of Self Orientation1957 Words   |  8 PagesSelf-Orientation in a Confusing World The conscious essence is what defines each person as an individual. In the adolescent years one establishes their true self and begins to feel out their adult personality as they mature and grow as a person. For some this is a daunting task filled with confusion and self-doubt. The existentialist movement focuses on the independence of an individual to shape their lives through choices which help create their own values and give meaning to their own lives. TheRead MoreThe Theory Of Self Orientation1958 Words   |  8 PagesSelf-Orientation in a Confusing World The conscious essence is what defines each person as an individual. In the adolescent years one establishes their true self and begins to feel out their adult personality as they mature and grow as a person. For some this is a daunting task filled with confusion and self-doubt. The existentialist movement focuses on the independence of an individual to shape their lives through choices which help create their own values and give meaning to their own

Ecommerce Business Free Essays

Introduction Developing an e-commerce business is a difficult process, that will test the determination and commitment of any person that has created a business in the past. I this paper will examine four different scenarios that one might be confronted with in owning an e-commerce business. The scenarios are as follow: * Imagine that someone has offered you $1,000 to buy your online domain name shortly after you started your business online. We will write a custom essay sample on Ecommerce Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Explain why or why you would not sell and cite the ethical dilemmas involved. The e-commerce software you will be using must provide a catalog display, shopping cart capabilities, and transaction processing. The convenience and usability for the customer are benefits of these functions. State how each of these functions could be beneficial to your business. * Your business will have created a presence in the physical world by having a store along the boardwalk. Creating effective presence on the Web. Including how to improve Web presence by increasing website usability. Develop a web marketing strategy for your company including the following: identify the market segments you will target, how you will reach that segment, and explain how you will reach that segment, and explain how you will advertise on the Web. Being able to properly answer and respond to these scenarios, will assist people who wish to start an e-commerce business. Understanding these scenarios will assist in determ ining the market segments, as well has helping to understanding the worth of your business. Selling Your Domain Name Several things must be considered when a business is thinking of selling their domain name to someone else. In business, one is continuously working to convince others to do your bidding. The goal of a business is to convince customers to purchase your product or service, and then convince those same customers to pay their accounts on time. As it pertains to the employees that work at your business, they must treat the customers well and contribute to the company. They must abide by all ethical and moral standards that the business has put in place. By setting forth a great deal of effort to create and develop my business, it is not likely that I will sell my business for $1,000. By selling the domain name of my business, all the work that I have done to make my company relevant and credible would be in jeopardy. Most successful companies are known by their domain name or their brand, and it takes hard work and determination to accomplish the task of making your domain name credible. Customer Convenience The e-commerce business that I create will attempt to make the shopping and visit to my business website as convenient as possible for my potential customers. This will be accomplished by providing three services that all e-commerce businesses must have in order to be successful: shopping catalog display, shopping car capabilities, and a simple transaction process. The shopping catalog display must be able to store information about items in a database. My e-commerce business will also provide a search engine that allows customers to enter descriptions to quickly find the items they wish to purchase or find information about. The shopping cart capabilities will use online forms to document online shopping in the past, and it will be able to distinguish from one customer to another. I would also create a database that will store information about the clients preferred choices. I will use software that will calculate price, volume discounts, sales tax, and shopping cost. Electronic commerce software will be used to provide connections to accounting software so the sales of the web can be entered simultaneously. All of these different service that I will incorporate will allow the customers a simple and convenient way to purchase our goods and services, as well as find out as much information as possible about our goods and services. Boardwalk Store When creating a physical store on the boardwalk I will attempt to maintain my presence of the Web. In order to accomplish this I will have to implement two things to achieve this success. First of all, I would use an e-mail address to identify users. This is because e-mail addresses are easier to remember and are more standard, as well as being unique. Second, I will attempt to create a system to make ordering easy. This process could be quite complex, so I would make this process easier at each step. This can be accomplished by having the customer enter the least amount of information at each step. This can make the experience of purchasing our product and visiting our website simple on every level. Marketing Strategies When marketing on the Web, a business must completely understand the different segments that they must market their products and services. The different segmentations are as follow: behavioral, demographic, geographic, and psychographic. The behavioral segmentation consist of dividing people into groups according to how they behave and act toward products. I would create a website that gives examples on encouraging consumers to use my products for multiple purposes. The demographic segmentation obtains demographic information from the U. S. Census Bureau’s website. The site would discuss some prominent demographic characteristics used to segment buyers. This includes age, income, gender, and family life cycles. Geographic segmentation is when a market strategy that allows businesses to market by the geographic in which a customer’s live. Psychographic segmentation gathers extensive information of the customers activities, interests, opinions, values, and lifestyles. I would use the VAL survey( values, attitudes, and lifestyles) to find out what category each individual is apart . This will allow me to market according to their psychological makeup, which will give me the ability to better market my product. Marketing is an essential part of the success or failure of any business, owners should not take this aspect of the business lightly. Conclusion In my opinion, understanding all of these aspects of business will allow a person who is attempting to start an online business successful. The marketing and convenience aspect of business is key is maintain and sustaining a successful business. Having a full understanding of the Web as it pertains to business, as well as knowing the importance of what goes in to making your domain name credible is also an essential part of business. References Keys to Improving your Web Presence (2011) Retrieved from http://www. ocularconcepts. us/blc/blog/keys-to-improving-your-web-presence/ Lars, Perner (n. d. ) Introduction to Marketing. Retrieved from http://www. consumerpsychologist. com/marketing_introduction. html Schneider, G. (2011). Electronic commerce: 2011 custom edition (9th ed. ). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. How to cite Ecommerce Business, Papers

African Literature In The Cutting Of A Drink And Essay Example For Students

African Literature: In The Cutting Of A Drink And Essay The ReturnAfrican Literature: In The Cutting of A Drink and The ReturnTrent Hughes Eng 109 Paper #2The two short stories In the Cutting of a Drink and The Return bringdifferent responses from me. In the Cutting of a Drink makes me think aboutwhat it would be like to go into a new culture. It also makes me think aboutthe decline in moral values now days. The Return reminds me to be morethankful for the many things I take for granted. It also makes me think abouthow hard it can be to cope with change. In the poem Those Rainy Mornings I amreminded of my grandma and what a kind, loving, wonderful person she is. In Frank Chipasulas poem Those Rainy Mornings the speaker is talkingabout his aunt Gwalanthi. The speaker tells us what a wonderful loving personhis aunt is. In the first section the speaker tells us how his aunt would wakeup at the crack of dawn and build a fire. Then she would begin cooking porridge. In the second section of the poem the speaker talks about waking up out of thenagging nightmare. Then the speaker describes his aunt a little bit more, hersoft but husky call. In the last section the speaker talks about how kind hisaunt is to take care of his brothers and sisters while his parents strayed tothe copper mines.This poem makes me think about my grandma and all the wonderful things shehas done for me. The speakers aunt is an old fragile woman, hoe-broken palmsand scrawny ribs. But she is also a very hard worker and loving person. Boththese things remind me of my grandma. My grandma may be old and fragile but sheis still a very hard working and loving person. My grandma is always up atfirst light doing household chores or working in her garden. Many times we haveto force her to go inside, so she wont be exposed to the hot sun for to long. I cant count the number of times my grandma has made my bed, folded our clothes,washed our dishes, or done various other household chores for me and my family. I could never fully repay my grandma for all the wonderful things she has done. My grandma, like aunt Gwalanthi, is a very kind, hard working person. Ama Ata Aidoos In the Cutting of a Drink is about a person relating hisstory of looking for his lost sister in a big city called Mamprobi. Thenarrator, Mansas brother, is talking to his uncles in the story. He is tellingthem about the things he experienced in the city while looking for Mansa. Thenarrator is from the country, so a lot of the city life is new or shocking tohim. The narrator and Duayaw, the person helping him find his sister, go to anightclub while looking for Mansa. This is a very new experience for thenarrator. Some new things he experiences are dancing and watching women buybeer. But the most shocking thing is when he finds out his sister Mansa worksthere. Young woman, is this the work you do? he asked her. In the endMansas reply was, any kind of work is work.This story made me think of a couple of things, differences in cultures orplaces and a decline in moral values. When the narrator goes to the city he isin a totally new culture. Many of the things he sees done a re shocking to him. .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 , .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .postImageUrl , .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 , .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233:hover , .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233:visited , .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233:active { border:0!important; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233:active , .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233 .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u17611035d8f9ad93288de44479fde233:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dissertation on Pain EssayI sat with my mouth open and watched the daughter of a woman cut beer like aman. I cannot describe how they danced. Going into a new culture would haveto be a shocking experience for anyone. The comment any for of work is workmade by Mansa makes me think about the decline in moral values. Now days manypeople seem to go by this saying. People seem to not care about what form ofwork they are doing as long as they make money. Some factors to consider whendoing a job are, is what you are doing morally right or ethical, and is what youare doing legal or illegal. Would you want your husband or wife to go to workas a prostitute? Or would you want them to go to work as a female or malestripper? I would hope not in both cases, the first simply because it isillegal. The second because it is pornography and I think you should haveenough respect for your spouse to not want them to do that kind of work. So thecomment any form of work is work is not a way to go about finding a job. The Return by Ngugi wa Thiongo is about a man named Kamau who returnshome after being in a detention camp for five years. He hopes to see his oldvillage exactly the same. Instead he finds it now ruled by the British. TheBritish have changed the village and its culture. Worst of all, Kamaus wifeMuthoni left with another man named Karanja. Muthoni did this because Karanjalied and told the village that Kamau had died. At the end of the story Kamaulets a small bundle, filled with things that reminded him of Muthoni, roll downa bank and float down the river. Then he talks about the relief he felt afterthis happened. Why should she have waited for me? Why should all the changeshave waited for my return?These comments make me think about change and how hard it can be to copewith change. It also made me be more thankful for some of the things I take forgranted. When Kamau returned home he basically returned home to a completelynew village. His family had aged, many people didnt recognize him , and hiswife was gone. This was very hard for Kamau to cope with, the old village hadnot even waited for him. Kamau felt resentful and angry. I know I would havethe same resentful feelings as Kamau if I were put in the same situation. Iwould feel cheated if I came home one day only to find it completely changed. Many time I find myself taking my friends, family, home, or security for granted. Sometimes I dont realize how important these things are in my life. I know ifthey were taken away or completely changed, I would be devastated. I would notbe able to get over it as fast as Kamau. After reading this story I am morethankful for the many things I take for granted. All three of these readings bring out different responses from me. Mygrandma is the person I think about in the poem Those Rainy Mornings. I amreminded of all the wonderful things she does for me and my family. In thestory In the Cutting of a Drink I think about the decline in moral valuesthese days. I also think about the what it would be like to go into a whole newculture. After reading the story The Return I am more thankful for the thingsthat I take for granted. The story also makes me think about change and howhard it can be to cope with change.

Sam Shepard Essay Example For Students

Sam Shepard Essay Two recent monographs in important authors series from Twayne and Continuum are scholastically useful surveys of Sam Shepards career the sort of books you like to have handy on the shelf for brushing up on half-forgotten plots, tracking down errant quotations or noshing on a biographical snack. These books are headed for college libraries, where theyll bail out many an ill-prepared student from 11th-hour pre-seminar emergencies by diligently documenting a crucial American playwright and his work. And, with Shepard Neglect all the rage these days, its encouraging to find that at least these two publishers acknowledge his worth. David J. DeRose characterizes Shepards life and writing as a constant adventure in re-inventing the self and assigns chapters according to perceived phases in this persistent metamorphosis. He wisely avoids any attempt to enclose such a maverick and many-faced writers career in a single all-containing thesis, but offers instead the potentially liberating thought that Shepards plays demonstrate a preoccupation with heightened or critical states of consciousness. Unfortunately, DeRose strays from his non-pedagogical road. He succumbs to the temptation of assigning meaning to plays, as if they were a clever code hes managed to crack. He sometimes becomes disturbingly judgmental and dismissive of certain pop pastiche plays whose social-commentary messages seem disappointingly clear to him. Too bad, because an uncompromising exploration of states of consciousness those dramatized and those induced by the dramatization could be exciting if it werent required to bear the burden of finding equivalencies between stage and reality. Such connections actually distance the two realms by setting one apart as merely representative or emblematic of the other, rather than considering their common ground, the experience of the play, for what it is. DeRose is clearly aware of the hazard as he issues strong warnings against meaning-mining the early plays but he fails to apply this caveat consistently to his own discussion, and so distracts from a compelling approach. He speaks alluringly of the emotional landscape of the plays, then all too often retreats to the relatively safe terrain of telling us what a given play is about. The impression he can give is that Shepard, seeking to make a certain point or convey a specific effect, goes to his workbench, selects the appropriate tool and applies it or that style itself is a kind of clothing, an external thing. Hunting for clues Martin Tucker also offers a promising premise for his study: While looking for a one-to-one correspondence between events in the playwrights life and events in his work is nonsense, theres a case to be made, he says, that Shepards plays create a world view, which Tucker tantalizingly calls humanistic irony. His book treats the plays as happenings in the chronological-narrative progress of Shepards life. Along this relentlessly linear path, chapters divide the career by groups of years, except for one thematicanalytical section on Illusion and a collection of chiefly biographical tidbits called Notes on Shepard and His Friends. Tucker moves from play to play in sequence, somewhat ruthlessly discarding the explained pieces as yesterdays news once theyve yielded up their secrets to his scalpel. We get a hybrid biographical-critical story that, despite its protest to the contrary, hunts for clues, seeks methodically to solve the Problem of Shepard and His Plays, of what it all really mea ns, of who, in the end, Shepard is. Theres something a little ungainly about the method; it reminds me of the awkward and incongruous tags and collars attached to unwitting wildlife by conservationists tracking their behavior. Both books suffer from their own comprehensiveness, proving their points by attrition, exhausting every last special case rather than using the occasional inductive strategy that suggestively savors a few special cases so that we might then do some exploring on our own and assess for ourselves the wider truth of a specifically valid insight. .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26 , .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26 .postImageUrl , .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26 , .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26:hover , .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26:visited , .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26:active { border:0!important; } .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26:active , .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26 .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u88253f510f920173ca634d7a4552be26:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: From Sendak's kitchen: the author and illustrator has cooked up a hearty menu for children EssayPassions unspent Both critics make their often reasonable arguments in cool, distanced language, a voice of authoritative remove: DeRose writes with grim determination as he completes his task, while Tucker speaks like an academic bus-tour guide. Its obvious just from the physical size of these projects that both these dedicated critics feel passion for the playwright, yet they pretend to be emotionally disengaged. Consequently, the stories of these love affairs feel more like property contracts conceived in cool calculation by the light of boardroom lamps than the complex and breathing offspring of joined imaginations, born in some secret chamber of the heart. But the two series to which these volumes belong arent so much about feelings as theyre about data, encouraging these books to cover the subject (though covering can suffocate). A lot of educators must be held accountable, too, for placing a premium on answers, on explanation rather than evocation. Poetry in criticism is so rare. And these two books on Sam Shepard do offer considerable resources: Both provide excellent bibliographies, especially DeRoses, which is annotated. DeRose also makes use of previously unstudied archival materials, such as a number of lost plays and a fascinating interview with musical collaborator Catherine Stone. Both supply ample biographical information and make a number of intelligent points about plausible authorial intent and recurrent dramaturgical methods. Theyre especially good at cataloguing images. The books are thoroughly indexed, so that selective, need-specific reading is easy. And thats probably the best way to use them as readily-accessible reference works.

Essay Outline Sample MLA - Masters of Liberal Arts

Essay Outline Sample MLA - Master's of Liberal ArtsFor many college students, an M.A.L.A. or Masters of Liberal Arts as the acronym is known can seem like an impossible dream. But don't give up hope if you're one of those students, because there are methods and techniques you can employ to turn an ordinary essay into a masterpiece that will stand out above all the rest.The first thing you need to know about a typical essay outline is that it's not as simple as it seems. An M.A.L.A. essay is likely to contain as many subtopics as the average paper, so there's no single topic or main idea that can cover everything. Instead, a strong essay outline must be structured around a more or less defined list of pre-defined topics that covers the core of the essay. Here is some sample M.A.L.A. essay outlines, and how you can incorporate these to your own writing.The first tip in this sample outline for an M.A.L.A. comes near the beginning. It states that you should include in your outline the ma in idea. This idea is more often than not, the most important point of the essay, so making sure you address it first ensures that you'll include the essential elements of the argument in a single piece. The next point is to put down in detail why this idea is so important to the purpose of the essay. This aspect is often left for last to avoid creating unnecessary complications, but it's also important to include a little blurb about why the idea is so important to the purpose of the essay.Next, the sample outline includes an outline of the main ideas. The following points are where you will generally start to put some of the supporting information in to make your main point. This also serves as a good way to mention who you are and your qualifications to write this kind of essay.Finally, the main ideas are usually listed at the end of the essay, in the conclusion. You'll probably want to add some supplementary information, and then offer a summary and conclusion of your argument, but don't forget to include an explanation for why you think you can prove your thesis, and why you're the one person with the expertise to do so.While this essay outline for an M.A.L.A. does sound simple, there's nothing simple about it. If you'd like to have a more structured outline for an M.A.L.A., you should read through an outline for your specific class. These are organized as modules that include lots of items that are considered 'must haves' in order to have a comprehensive look at the entire structure of the course. If you need a little more structure, then you may want to consider taking an M.A.L.A. course online.M.A.L.A. is a good writing style for a few reasons. It keeps students focused and doesn't confuse them. Writing an M.A.L.A. will also increase your chances of passing a writing exam if you've got a solid foundation, so go ahead and learn what you can before you go out and spend your time and money on that writing degree.

Hotel Cavendish Company Analysis

Hotel Cavendish is located in the dynamic center of Bloomsbury in UK. A PESTEL examination is an essential tool which helps in analyzing the political, economic, social, technical, environmental and legislative pressures which may affect an institution (Institute of leadership and management 2007, p. 23). These external pressures that have an effect on Hotel Cavendish ought to be vigilantly taken into account by the hotel administration.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Hotel Cavendish Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The hotel’s strategic fundamental position in the capital makes it susceptible to PESTEL pressures. This is evident in the existence of new rules in the city that need acquiescence. Demographic changes may lead to the diminution of market size and a fresh technology may be introduced (Institute of leadership and management 2007, p. 23). This requires new advertising and end u ser approval alternatives that need clear exemplification. In a social context, London has an assortment of religion and cultures. Hundreds of languages are spoken in its environs and the employment of more trained staff that is multi-lingual is necessary for the 4-star hotel. Around 2 million visitors from all over the globe visit the center every month either for business purposes or leisurely as tourists. Demographic trends evident in the changes in the populace age, composition along with the entry of new cultures and race in the area make it appropriate for the hotel to identify its potential clients. The capital is an economic center and countless intercontinental businesses are carried out here. Large business moguls arrive in the city of London to transact huge business deals. There ought to be additional options of spacious conference rooms for delegates, aside from the present ones which host 2-80 people (Cavendish hotel, 2010). The hotel administration should endeavor to sustain regular businessmen who may want urgent accommodation in the hotel or referred to alternative areas. Even though it is required to reserve in advance, there can be exceptional reservations for a number of regulars. There are hundreds of overseas banks and offices for thousands of companies in London, and the employees and officials may need making urgent reservations. The effect of recession and change in stock exchange market fluctuations must be strictly monitored. Trends in economic indicators like the cost of raw materials and the level of income of its clients are essential information in knowing the visiting trends of clients.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Environmental issues from time to time control the social decisions and purchasing options that clients make in the selection of new services being offered in the hotel. Use of solar technology to produce energy and having breezy areas of shady plants are a benefit in selection of whether one will make reservations for the hotel or select a different option. Out-of-doors landscaping with appropriate foliage at the lounge and entrance can take account of areas for dining. The hotel is a non-smoking zone. This course of action will successfully draw more non-smokers (Cavendish hotel, 2010). Those who smoke have to use alternative hotels, hence loss of clients. An effective way of pleasing both is by having rooms in a section for smokers. Some delegates may either be smokers or non-smokers and may desire to be accommodated in the same place. It is not forgotten that technology is intensifying at an extraordinarily rapid pace. Sources of power and information systems are undergoing modification thus the need for the hotel to be very adaptive to these changes. Available options for publicity should be employed in an aggressive edge (Institute of leadership and management 2007, p. 23). The government on numerous occasions initiates changes in bylaws and rules which may stabilize or weaken the hotels functionality. Such changes are directly related to politics consequently affecting the number of visitors into the country and the hotel. The operations in Cavendish hotel is affected by different forms of pressure that are best illustrated by the Pestle criterion. It is imperative to acknowledge that the success of the venture is wholly reliant on the manner in which it manipulates the environment as portrayed by the political, economic, social, technical, environmental and legislative concepts (Institute of leadership and management 2007, p. 23) Reference List Cavendish hotel, 2010, Hotel Cavendish, 12th may 2010, www.hotelcavendish.com Institute of leadership and management, 2007, marketing for managers, Massachusetts, Elsevier. Pp. 23Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Hotel Cavendish Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16. 05 $11/page Learn More This report on Hotel Cavendish Company Analysis was written and submitted by user Annabell Albert to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Indian Agriculture Sector

The Indian Agriculture Sector Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. It accounts for nearly 20 percent of the aggregate output. To be specific, nearly half of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihood (Government of India, 2010, p. 6). Contribution of the agricultural sector to the economy is declining, however other sectors thrive.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Indian Agriculture Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, approximately 45 percent of the total output was obtained from the agricultural sector in the early 70s,. The figure has dropped to less than 20 percent in the last decade. Nonetheless, agriculture still remains a significant source of employment for many Indians. It provides jobs to over half of the country’s population (Government of India, 2010, p. 12). The dwindling agricultural production has led to a decrease in agricultural exports and an increase in agricultural imports. T he ratio of agricultural exports to the total exports dropped to 10 percent in 2010 compared to 20 percent in the early 90s. On the other hand, the ratio of agricultural imports to the aggregate imports grew by approximately 6.6 percent in the last three decades (Government of India, 2010, p. 13). The decrease in agricultural production and the increase in agricultural imports have been a cause of major concern. Hot debates didnt provide any solution to the problem, as well as small reforms. situation deteriorated which led to introduction of the next five-year plan. As a result, the government came up with a five-year plan, which solely targets the agricultural sector. The five-year plan is aimed at reversing the disturbing trend in the sector. The five-year plan puts emphasis on the country’s self-sufficiency and self-reliance in the food production (Vaidyanathan, 2010, p. 9; Government of India, 2013, p. 5). This paper explores the impact of the 11th five-year plan on Indi a’s agricultural sector, particularly in promoting local food production and economy stability. 11TH  Five Year Plans (2007-2011) As the country’s population keeps growing, the nation needed to enhance its food production to take care of the ever-increasing demand. Given the significance of the agricultural sector to the economy, the government introduced the 11th five-year plan to provide support and incentives to farmers and other stakeholders in order to enhance production of food (Government of India, 2013, p. 5).Advertising Looking for essay on agriculture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are four principal elements of this policy. The first element is enhancement of viability of agricultural operations by increasing market access, availing insurance cover, and monitoring agricultural commodity prices (IBEF, 2013, p. 7). The second element is provision of suitable technologies through resea rch and training. The third element is increase of budgetary allocation for agriculture and its infrastructure so as to improve efficient use of natural resources and of agricultural commodity markets functioning. Last but not least is provision of better delivery of services, for instance, loans to farmers, veterinary services and general farm inputs. In a nutshell, the 11th five-year plan was aimed at increasing food production by providing special programs and building agricultural infrastructure (IBEF, 2013, p. 7). The Impact of the 11th Five-Year Plan on the economy and local food production Figure 1 below shows India’s GDP growth rate over the last ten years. It is clear that between 1997 and 2007 the real agricultural output was decreasing, whereas the non-agricultural output was increasing. The ratio of agricultural GDP to the total GDP was very low during that period. This forced the government to reconsider its policy on food production, hence to introduce the 11th five-year plan (Central Statistics Office, 2011, p. 44). The 11th five-year program introduced the National Food Security Mission (NFSM), which significantly increased production of cereals in the country. The principal goal of the National Food Security Mission was to establish scientific elements which incorporate mechanization, soil supplements and crop security measures (Government of India, 2013, p. 6). The 11th five-year plan helped to attain 3.2 percent agricultural GDP growth. Even though the figure was below the projected value of 4 percent, it was significantly better than the figures under the previous policies (Central Statistics Office, 2011, p. 45). Figure 1: Agriculture and Non-Agriculture GDP Growth Rate in India in the Last DecadeAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Indian Agriculture Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Source: (Central Statistics Office, 2011) Before the introduction of the 11 th five-year plan, the share of acreage of agricultural lands decreased by approximately 20 million hectares. Similarly, the area under food grains shrank by 10 percent. The lowest production was recorded in 2008. However, the introduction of new technologies under the 11th five-year plan led to 80 percent increase in acreage of agricultural lands. The production of rice, wheat and maize increased significantly, followed by pulses on the second place. Under the 11th five-year plan, food grain output increased by 2.3 percent (Central Statistics Office, 2011, p. 45). Generally, Indian agribusiness is characterized by diminutive and divided area holdings. There are around 130 million active holdings in the country. On average, each active holding possesses approximately 1.2 hectares. Less than 1 percent own more than 10 hectares (Sharma, 2011, p. 6). Before the introduction of the 11th five-year plan, the overall productivity among the smallholder producers was exceedingly low. Their p articipation in the market was poor because of such reasons as high transaction costs, low yields, inadequate information and small market consumption. In addition, increased land fragmentation led to big losses on farmlands. As a result, many farmers opted to lease their lands or seek gainful employment outside the agricultural sector (IBEF, 2013, p. 5). The introduction of the 11th five-year plan brought some positive results. The 11th five-year plan supported the formation of cooperatives and self-help groups. The cooperatives and self-help groups not only helped farmers to access credit facilities, but also to market their products. The government increased access to loan facilities by providing interest-free loans and subsidized inputs.Advertising Looking for essay on agriculture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For this reason, many Indians went back to farming (IBEF, 2013, p. 6). By the end of 2012, cultivation areas had increased by 8 million hectares. The government also introduced other support programs through the 11th five-year plan, such as water for canal irrigation, power for groundwater pumping, retention price subsidy scheme for fertilizers, and access to the international market (IBEF, 2013, p. 7). According to the IBEF (2013, p. 7), the main objective of the 11th five-year plan was to increase the production of food grains by 20 million tons. The government allocated roughly 900 million U.S. dollars for the project. There are four main achievements of the 11th five-year plan for the first year according to the National Food Security Mission (NFSM). The first achievement was a 70 million tons to over 90 million tons increase of wheat production. The second achievement was a 90 million tons to over 110 million tons increase of rice production. The third achievement was an 80 mil lion tons to over 100 million tons increase of maize production. And the last was a 13 million tons to over 15 million tons increase of pulse production (IBEF, 2013, p. 7). Figure 2 below highlights the growth rate of land, labor and capital output based on the agricultural GDP index. Even though the productivity growth rate in the agricultural sector has always been low, averaging 2 percent per year, during the 11th five-year plan it reached 5 percent. This was the highest figure recorded in the country’s history. The closest was 3 percent, which was recorded in 1981. As a matter of fact, the Commission of Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) estimated the growth rate of real wages in the agricultural sector at 8 percent per annum during the period (Government of India, 2013, p. 9). Figure 2: Growth Rate of Land, Labor and Capital Output Source: (Government of India, 2013, p. 9) The introduction of the scientific elements, for instance, labor saving mechanization led to the rapid increase of private investment in the agricultural sector. This is attributed to the country’s rigid labor laws and the ever-increasing wages (Shiva, 2013, p. 2). Although mechanization helped farmers to deal with labor challenges, it caused a sharp decline in capital productivity. Even though moderated by gains from trade deals and debt cancellation, long-term investment in the agricultural sector may be unsustainable due to deteriorating capital productivity (Shiva, 2013, p. 3). The 12th five-year plan (2012-2017), which is basically a continuation of the 11th five-year plan also emphasizes increase of food grains production. The two plans (11th and 12th five-year plans) recognize the fact that self-sufficiency in food production can only be attained by increasing the production of staple foods. In India, food security is inextricably linked to food grains. Therefore, the debates on food shortages are concentrated on rice, wheat, maize and pulses (Sharma Dinesh, 201 1, p. 30). 12th five-year plan is also expected to produce high results and solve a lot of food problems in India. The 11th five-year plan helped substantially to make India a food sufficient country, despite the rapid growth of population. In other words, India is currently food secure due to the 11th five-year plan (IBEF, 2013, p. 9). Conclusion Agriculture in India is both a source of food and livelihood. In addition, the sector is very important to the country’s economy. However, the period between 1997 and 2007 was characterized by low agricultural productivity and high levels of food shortage. This forced the Indian government to spend a large amount of money on food import. On the other hand, the ratio of agricultural imports to the aggregate imports grew by approximately 6.6 percent in the last three decades regardless of the initiated key reforms in the agricultural sector. However, the reform programs were ineffective. This led to the introduction of the 11th five-y ear plan, which was aimed at making India a food-secure country through the production of food grains. The plan significantly helped reverse the situation. As a matter of fact, the 12th five-year plan, which runs up to 2017, is just a continuation of the 11th five-year plan. The 12th five-year plan also aims at increasing the production of food grains, which are staples in India. References Central Statistics Office 2011, Revised Estimates of Annual National Income 2010-11 and Quarterly Estimates of Gross Domestic Product, 2010-11, Central Statistics Office, New Delhi. Government of India 2010, Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2010. Web. Government of India 2013, Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017): Economic Sectors, Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, New Delhi. IBEF 2013, The Indian Agriculture Sector: Investments, Growth and Prospects, India Brand Equity Foundation, New Delhi. Sharma, VP Dinesh, J 2011, High Value Agriculture in India: past Trends and Future P rospects. Web. Sharma, VP 2011, India’s Agricultural Development under the New Economic Regime: Policy Perspective and Strategy for the 12th Five Year Plan, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad. Shiva, V 2013, Agricultural Sector in India. Web. Vaidyanathan, A 2010, Agriculture Growth in India: Role of Technology, Incentives and  Institutions, Oxford University Press, New York.